马基雅维利人格测试，又称马基雅维利主义测试，是一种心理测试，旨在评估一个人在现实生活中可能表现出的“马基雅维利式”的行为特征。这种测试通常基于对尼科洛·马基雅维利的一系列观点的测量，而马基雅维利是文艺复兴时期的意大利历史家、政治家和哲学家，他因其代表作《君主论》而闻名。
《君主论》中提出了关于权力和政治的现实主义见解，这些被后世解读为“目的论（目的正当化手段）”和“权力政治”。在马基雅维利的观点中，有效的统治者应该不受道德和伦理的制约，而是应该完全聚焦于权力的获取和维护，即使这意味着必须运用欺诈、操纵和残酷手段。
马基雅维利人格测试的目的在于衡量一个人在日常生活中可能展现的类似特质和态度。测试通常由一系列问题组成，测评者需要对这些问题给出自己的反应。测试结果一般包括一个分数，这个分数越高，表明测评者的行为和观点越接近马基雅维利式的风格。
马基雅维利测试通常由以下几个维度来评估：
1.战略性思考： 测量个体在达成目标时是否能够策划和实施长远和精明的计划。
2.冷酷无情： 评估个体在追求目标时是否不顾他人利益，甚至愿意牺牲他人利益。
3.道德灵活性： 指个体在道德和伦理问题上的立场是否固定，还是会根据情况变化。
4.人际操纵能力： 衡量个体是否擅长影响和操纵他人以获得自身利益。
5.现实主义： 个体是否具有实用主义的世界观，是否能够接受世界并非按照理想化标准运作。
这类测试可能会包括问题，如：“我认为大多数人很容易就被愚弄”或者“为了成功，我愿意走捷径”。根据回答的程度（通常是从“非常不同意”到“非常同意”的标度），测试会生成一个分数或者描述来指示个体的马基雅维利主义倾向的强度。
值得注意的是，这种类型的测试并不意味着那些具有马基雅维利人格特征的人就是不道德或者邪恶的。在现代心理学中，这种类型的特质更多地被认为是人格谱系中的一部分，并且可以在某些情境下被视为适应性的。
马基雅维利主义在现代心理学和日常用语中通常带有贬义，往往与操纵、利用他人和缺乏道德原则等负面行为相关。在应用测试结果时应保持谨慎，避免将测试结果武断地作为判断或标签化他人的依据。
英文版介绍；
The Machiavellian Personality Test, also known as the Machiavellianism Test, is a psychological assessment designed to evaluate the extent to which an individual displays behaviors and characteristics that could be described as "Machiavellian" in real-life situations. The test is based on the measurement of a series of views attributed to Niccolò Machiavelli, an Italian historian, politician, and philosopher from the Renaissance period, who is famous for his seminal work, "The Prince".
"The Prince" presents a pragmatic view of power and politics, which has been interpreted by later generations as the endorsement of a consequentialist ethic (the ends justify the means) and power politics. In Machiavellian terms, an effective ruler should not be constrained by moral and ethical considerations but should focus solely on the acquisition and maintenance of power, even if it means employing cunning, manipulation, and brutality.
The purpose of the Machiavellian Personality Test is to gauge the degree to which a person may exhibit similar traits and attitudes in day-to-day life. The test typically consists of a series of questions to which respondents indicate their reactions. The results generally include a score that reflects how closely the respondent's behaviors and views align with the Machiavellian style.
The Machiavellian Test usually evaluates the following dimensions:
1. Strategic Thinking: Measures whether an individual is capable of formulating and implementing elaborate and shrewd plans to achieve goals.
2. Cynical Disregard: Assesses whether an individual is willing to disregard the interests of others, even to the point of sacrificing them, in pursuit of their own goals.
3. Moral Flexibility: Indicates whether an individual's stance on moral and ethical issues is fixed or changes depending on the situation.
4. Interpersonal Manipulation: Measures an individual's skill in influencing and manipulating others for personal gain.
5. Realism: Determines whether an individual has a pragmatic worldview and is able to accept that the world does not operate according to idealized standards.
Such tests might include statements like, "I think most people can easily be fooled" or "I am willing to take shortcuts to achieve success." Based on the degree of agreement with such statements (usually on a scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree"), the test generates a score or description indicating the strength of the individual's Machiavellian tendencies.
It's important to note that this type of test does not necessarily imply that individuals with Machiavellian personality traits are immoral or evil. In modern psychology, traits of this type are considered as part of a personality spectrum and can, in some contexts, be viewed as adaptive.
Machiavellianism typically has negative connotations in modern psychology and colloquial use, often associated with manipulation, exploitation of others, and a lack of moral principles. Caution should be exercised when applying test results, to avoid using them as a definitive judgement or labeling of individuals.
